How car clutches work

The clutch is installed between the engine and the transmission and is a component in the transmission system directly connected to the engine, responsible for engaging and cutting off the power transmission between the engine and the transmission. The basic requirements for the clutch are: the active part and the driven part can be temporarily separated and can be gradually engaged, there is a possibility of relative slippage during the transmission process, and its specific functions are as follows.

The function of the car clutch

• Ensure the smooth start of the car. When the car starts, the driver slowly lifts the clutch pedal to gradually engage the main and driven parts of the clutch. When the driving force is sufficient to overcome the starting resistance of the car, the car will gradually accelerate from a standstill to achieve a smooth start.

• Ensure that the transmission shifts smoothly. During the driving process of the car, the transmission system needs to change gears constantly to adapt to the changing driving conditions. For ordinary gear transmissions, the gear pairs of different gears need to exit or enter meshing when shifting gears, which requires depressing the clutch pedal before shifting, interrupting the power transmission of the engine, so that the original gear pairs can be withdrawn from meshing, and at the same time, the new gear pairs can be pulled out. The speed of the meshing parts is gradually equalized, so the impact is reduced when entering the meshing so that the shifting work is smooth.

• Prevent the transmission system from overloading. When the car is in emergency braking, if there is no clutch, the speed of the engine will drop sharply due to the rigid connection with the transmission system, and all its moving parts will generate a large moment of inertia, which will cause the transmission system to overload and damage the parts. With a clutch, when the transmission system is subjected to a load that exceeds the maximum torque that the clutch can transmit, the clutch will eliminate this danger through the relative movement (slip) between the main and driven parts, to achieve the purpose of overload protection.

Classification of car clutches

According to the different structural forms of the pressing spring, the clutch can be divided into a coil spring clutch and a diaphragm spring clutch. Coil spring clutches use several springs as compression springs, which can be arranged along the circumference or center of the pressure plate, so they are also called peripheral spring clutches and central spring clutches respectively. Diaphragm spring clutches use a diaphragm spring for compression. Diaphragm spring clutches are widely used at present, mainly used in cars and trucks.

What is the clutch made of?

Active parts, driven parts

Active parts include flywheel pressure plate assembly (including clutch cover), etc. The clutch cover is bolted to the flywheel. One end of the transmission plate is riveted to the clutch cover with rivets, and the other end is connected to the pressure plate with screws. In this way, when the engine rotates, the power is transmitted to the pressure plate through the flywheel, clutch cover, and transmission plate, and then the flywheel, clutch cover, transmission plate, and pressure plate run together.

The driven components include the driven disc and the transmission input shaft. When the clutch is normally engaged, it is in contact with the flywheel and the pressure plate respectively; the driven plate is mounted on the splines of the input shaft (driven shaft) of the manual transmission through the clutch hub. The driven disc is generally equipped with a vibration-damping plate to prevent the torsional vibration of the transmission system from subjecting the parts to alternating shock loads, resulting in damage to the parts.

Pressing mechanism

The pressing mechanism includes a pressing spring and a supporting device. The pressing mechanism uses the pressing action of the diaphragm spring, and the diaphragm spring presses the pressure plate and the driven plate to the flywheel, so that the flywheel, the driven plate, and the pressure plate are pressed together. The engine torque is transmitted to the driven plate by the friction between the flywheel and the contact surface of the driven plate, and the driven plate and the driven shaft are connected by a spline bushing so that the power can be transmitted to the driven shaft, and then through The shaft is transmitted to the transmission.

Manipulator

The operating mechanism includes a clutch pedal, release bearing, release fork, etc. When the brake pedal is pressed, hydraulic pressure is established in the brake master cylinder, and the pressure is sent to the clutch working cylinder through the hydraulic hose. This pressure is used to move the release fork, and the release fork pushes the release bearing to move to realize the clutch manipulation. The main and driven parts and the pressing mechanism are the basic devices to ensure that the clutch is in an engaged state and can transmit power, while the operating mechanism is mainly a device that separates the clutch.

Conclusion

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