How Does An Oil Filter Work?

July 04,2022

The machine filter filters out harmful impurities in the oil from the oil pan, and supplies the crankshaft, connecting rod, camshaft, supercharger, piston ring and other moving pairs with clean oil, which plays the role of lubrication, cooling and cleaning, thereby prolonging the life of these parts. Simply put, the function of the oil filter is to filter the oil, make the oil entering the engine cleaner, and prevent impurities from entering the engine and damaging the precision components.

 

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The structure of the oil filter

 

According to the structure, the machine filter can be divided into replaceable type, spin-on type and centrifugal type; according to the arrangement in the system, it can be divided into full-flow type and split-flow type. The filter materials used in machine filtration include filter paper, felt, metal mesh, non-woven fabric, etc.

 

How does an oil filter work?

 

During the working process of the engine, metal wear debris, dust, carbon deposits oxidized at high temperatures, colloidal sediments, and water are continuously mixed into the lubricating oil. The function of the oil filter is to filter out these mechanical impurities and gums, keep the lubricating oil clean and prolong its service life. The oil filter should have the characteristics of strong filtering ability, small flow resistance and long service life.

 

In general, several filters with different filtration capacities are installed in the lubrication system—the collector, the coarse filter and the fine filter, which are respectively connected in parallel or in series in the main oil passage. (The one connected in series with the main oil passage is called a full-flow filter. When the engine is working, all the lubricating oil is filtered by the filter; the one connected in parallel with it is called a split-flow filter). Among them, the coarse filter is connected in series in the main oil passage, which is full flow; the fine filter is connected in parallel in the main oil passage, which is divided flow. Modern car engines generally only have a collector filter and a full-flow oil filter. The coarse filter filters out impurities with a particle size of 0.05mm or more in the oil, and the fine filter is used to filter out fine impurities with a particle size of 0.001mm or more.

 

Which components determine the quality of the oil filter?

 

Filter paper: The oil filter has higher requirements on the filter paper than the air filter, mainly because the temperature of the oil varies from 0 to 300 degrees. Under the severe temperature change, the concentration of the oil also changes accordingly. It will affect the filter flow of the oil. The filter paper of a high-quality oil filter should be able to filter impurities under severe temperature changes, while ensuring sufficient flow.

 

  • Rubber sealing ring: The filter sealing ring of high-quality oil is made of special rubber to ensure 100% oil leakage.

 

  • Backflow suppression valve: only available in high-quality oil filters. When the engine is turned off, it prevents the oil filter from drying out; when the engine is re-ignited, it immediately creates pressure to supply oil to lubricate the engine. (also known as check valve)

 

  • Relief valve: only available in high-quality oil filters. When the outside temperature drops to a certain value or when the oil filter exceeds its normal service life, the overflow valve opens under special pressure, allowing unfiltered oil to flow directly into the engine. Nevertheless, impurities in the oil will enter the engine together, but the damage is much less than the damage caused by no oil in the engine. Therefore, the relief valve is the key to protect the engine in an emergency. (also known as bypass valve)

 

Conclusion

 

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